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Amino acids are organic compounds that serve as the foundational components of proteins. When proteins are consumed, they are broken down in the digestive system into their constituent amino acids, which are then utilized by the body to build and repair tissues, synthesize hormones, and support various biochemical functions. Each protein is ultimately made up of one or more sequences of amino acids, making them essential for numerous bodily functions.

In contrast, carbohydrates are composed of sugars and starches, vitamins are organic compounds required in small amounts for various biological functions, and fats consist mainly of fatty acids and glycerol. Each of these macronutrients has a distinct structure and function, highlighting the unique role that amino acids play specifically in the context of proteins.